Recent independent degradation tests of commercial lithium batteries reveal a big surprise! Contrary to the claims of many NMC-based lithium battery manufacturers, LFP chemistry is superior compared to NMC—it is safer, offers a longer lifespan, and is generally less expensive than NMC, NCA. The Two Main Types of Lithium-ion Battery Chemistries Used Of all the various types of lithium-ion batteries, two emerge as the best choices for forklifts and other lift trucks: Lithium Ferrum Phosphate, or Lithium lron Phosphate (LFP) and Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC). The LFP battery chemistry has been around the longest. NMC is a relatively new technology. However, that doesn’t always translate into being a universally better technology. In electric vehicles (EVs) such as cars and trucks, it’s often the preferred choice due to overall less weight and higher energy density per kilogram. However, in the warehousing environment, where ambient temperature extremes are possible and weight is not the issue, the LFP battery is widespread and conversely may be a more favorable choice. As a default, both NMC and LFP chemistries useful life can range between 3000 to 5,000 cycles. However, with opportunity charging, that can be increased significantly, anywhere up to 7,000 cycle count. Whereas lead-acid shouldn't be charged until it’s depleted to 20% battery capacity, Lithium-ion batteries thrive on what it calls opportunity charging. While the two types-LFP and NMC-operate similarly, there are some differences. Degradation of Commercial Lithium-ion Cells: Test Results According to a 2020 paper from the Journal of the Electrochemical Society (Degradation of Commercial Lithium-ion Cells as a Function of Chemistry and Cycling Conditions), LFP batteries have a longer lifespan than NMCs. This data contradicts the wide-spread notion that NMC cells are more durable and have a longer life span. These tests were first published in September 2020 but reached the news sections of material handing publications only recently. The authors of the article give one possible explanation - the data on real commercially available cells may vary with the change of manufacturing process, however subtle. Under strict test conditions, commercially available lithium cells of both types were repeatedly discharged and charged from 0% to 100%. The result? According to the paper, “The LFP cells exhibit substantially longer cycle life spans under the examined conditions." The tests were performed at the Sandia National Laboratories as “part of a broader effort to determine and characterize the safety and reliability of commercial Li-ion cells,” The study examined the influence of temperature. depth of discharge (DOD), and discharge current on the long-term degradation of the commercial cells.   LFP chemistry is superior compared to NMC. All cells were charged and discharged at a 0.5 C rate or the amount of discharge that will deplete the full capacity of a battery in two hours. In the graphical representation shown (taken from the Journal's 2020 technical paper), you can easily see that the discharge capacity retention for the LFP lithium battery (blue data points) far exceeded the NMC battery retention (indicated by the black data points) for each round of charge/discharge cycling. The graph indicates that the NMC degrades almost twice as quickly as the LFP, showing the superior overall performance of the LFP cells. The testing showed LFPs had a better RTE (round trip efficiency) than NMCs, calculated by dividing the discharge energy by the charge energy. This calculation shows that the LFP is the more efficient, economical choice. Lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide battery, or NCA, was also a part of this experiment and performed similar or worse than NMC. We do not focus on NCA in this article as it is not mainstream in the commercial use of lithium batteries for Material Handling, mainly due to safety and cost issues. Both NMC and NCA cells demonstrated strong dependence on the depth of discharge, with greater sensitivity to full SOC range cycling compared to LFP cells. LFP cells had the highest cycle lifetime across all conditions, but this performance gap was reduced when cells were compared according to the discharge energy throughput. LFP and NMC Lithium Cells Chemistry: Charging Speed There is one other major difference between LFP and NMC often used as a selling point in material handling. NMC batteries are sometimes charged at a higher, faster rate, often compared to LFP using a 0 to 100% charge cycle. However, there is a tradeoff. To do this, the cables and connectors must be beefed up as the temperature generated by the process is higher. Additionally, the individual cells must be insulated from each other to contain and dissipate the heat. This is usually done using ceramic shields. Increasing the cost of the battery unit. LFP Lithium-ion batteries normally charge at a lower rate, often up to 1.5 C rate. They can be fitted with dual plugs. However, that doubles the charge rate, while still maintaining a lower charging temperature. The current draw during the charging process is lower overall. Potentially translating into a safer charge. In reality, the higher charge rate of the NMC is a non-issue. With the use of opportunity charging (which benefits lithium batteries), the battery should never become fully discharged. Therefore, charging from a fully discharged battery to a fully charged battery will rarely, if ever, be encountered. The takeaway is simple. Even though it may be promoted that the higher charge rate for NMC is possible, there is no measurable time savings increase nor downtime decrease to validate the necessity of charge rates over 1 C rate. LFP vs NMC While NMC cells are often promoted as a newer, more advanced technology, they carry some other significant pitfalls. The flashpoint (the temperature at which a chemical will ignite) is significantly lower than LFP. The flashpoint for NMC is 419 degrees Fahrenheit, while LFP's flashpoint is as high as 518 degrees. In other words, the NMC is more likely to ignite and burn under the right conditions. For example, a high charge rate contributes to thermal runaway, potential heat damage and is more prevalent in NMC battery pack than in LFP. Both the technology and chemistry of the NMC cause it to run hotter during both use and charging, requiring more heat dissipation measures. Ceramic tiles are used to separate the cells in an NMC battery for heat control. This is a measure not needed in LFP chemistry technology. While the NMC is a technology with potentially faster-charging rates and a slightly higher nominal voltage per cell (3.7V compared to LFP's 3.2V), there are no distinct advantages to justify the higher purchase price. While exact pricing fluctuates with the market, an NMC battery costs somewhere between 30% to50% more. The LFP chemistry is actually a safer technology and will perform well, and even outperform, the more expensive NMC. The LFP battery outperforms the old, less safe, and less efficient lead-acid battery. So does the NMC. But, when the total cost of ownership of forklift batteries is a driving factor, LFP may be the better choice. Lead-Acid Forklift Batteries We cannot skip the inevitable comparison to the lead-acid chemistry in this article, as this is still a prevalent technology in the forklift world. Lead-acid cells are wet cells. Electrical power is generated by liquid chemicals, interacting with the lead. The lead is converted into lead sulfate by a chemical reaction with the acid. When connected to a load (the forklift), the electrons move through it, balancing the electrons.  Simply put, the battery is "discharged." Recharging the battery reverses the process. While lead-acid batteries have been around the longest, there are some inherent pitfalls. For example, they do have a limited number of charge cycles, somewhere around1,500. However, that also means that a cycle is used up every time you charge the battery. Ideally, the battery should be charged when it's depleted to between 20 and 30 percent remaining charge to avoid capacity loss. Charging when the capacity is less than 20% can damage both the battery and the lift. Charged more often, say above 60%, and you're wasting charges. The battery's life will be shortened. The charging/discharging processes also give off toxic and flammable gases. This makes lead-acid hazardous, both during operation and charging. Lead-acid batteries are also maintenance intensive. If water levels are not monitored and maintained properly-both high and low levels-battery life is shortened, and dangerous conditions can arise. Finally, to properly maintain these batteries, you need to follow the 8-8-8 rule: eight hours of use, eight hours of charging, eight hours of the cool-down period, again, to avoid battery capacity loss due to the degradation mechanism of this technology.  That means the battery can only be used during one full shift in 24hours. And that means that you must have an additional backup battery to swap out for each work shift. Compared to lead-acid batteries, both NMC and LFP Li ion batteries have a longer overall lifespan and a significantly higher number of charge discharge cycles. Unlike lead-acid, lithium-ion chemistry thrives with frequent charges. Their usable life is increased by opportunity charging during breaks and lunches. Additionally, battery maintenance is minimal compared to the lead-acid battery. You don't need to monitor the electrolyte levels because they're non-existent. And battery room ventilation isn't required since there is no dangerous gassing during the charging process. most of the condition monitoring is done by the battery itself using advanced electronics of its battery management system. Final Thoughts on Battery Chemistry Choice In choosing the correct battery for your operation, don't go by initial cost alone. Consider the overall cost of ownership during the life of the battery. The safer operation and longevity of lithium-ion chemistry should be factored in. A battery with lithium-ion chemistry makes better sense, from both an operational efficiency standpoint, and the increased safety factor afforded. Even though, don't make the decision quickly, without weighing the pros and cons of both NMC and LFP battery chemistries. NMC is an excellent choice for electric vehicles. But the price tag. may not be worth it for forklift and PIT (powered industrial truck) use. Overall, there is no significant performance increase, and LFP technology demonstrates a slower battery degradation and a longer cycle life when handled properly. While some NMC batteries may offer a faster charging rate (possibly up to 3 C rate), that isn't necessarily a requirement due to opportunity charging. You rarely charge a battery from 0 to 100 percent. LFP batteries charge at a lower rate, but the rate can be increased easily if it is a requirement. Contrary to existing perception, the data shows that LFP cells have the highest cycle lifetime across all conditions. Both Lithium-ion types are much safer than older lead-acid technology. However, the lower flashpoint of the NMC (419 degrees Fahrenheit) increases the possibility of a fire hazard, particularly at the high charge rate.

After BMW, we have been designated by Jaguar Land Rover 48V battery project again After receiving orders from mainstream international car companies such as Daimler, Hyundai, and BMW, we have won another large order. On February 25, we released an announcement stating that the company participated in the 48V battery system project of Jaguar Land Rover Limited (Jaguar Land Rover, hereinafter referred to as "JLR"), and recently received a supplier letter from JLR with the name of the designated project. It is "20Ah MHEV Battery". In July last year, we received a letter from BMW Brilliance's supplier, becoming the second Chinese power battery manufacturer to enter the BMW supply chain after the CATL. Three months later, We released another announcement that the company participated in the German BMW Group battery system project and recently received a supplier letter from the German BMW Group. The designated project name is "BK 48V". Previously, Binggang Wang, the leader of the National New Energy Vehicle Innovation Engineering Project Expert Group, revealed that the "Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicle Technology Roadmap (Version 2.0)" has passed the expert review. The biggest change in the roadmap this time lies in the perception of "hybrid power". Change and propose to actively promote the realization of "hybridization" of traditional cars. Looking back at the automotive market in the past two years, while the development of pure electric and plug-in hybrid models, the growth momentum of 48V micro-hybrid vehicles is also quite rapid. Industry organizations predict that the pressure of environmental protection regulations in the next few years will promote the gradual formation of 48V technology component suppliers’ capacity layout. Driven by the launch of many new 48V technology automotive products represented by European brands, it is expected that the global passenger car will be used by 2025. The supporting scale of 48V vehicles is expected to exceed 14 million. "The OEM tells us that such a system can reduce emissions by 15% on vehicles. If the ownership of 300 million vehicles is equipped with such a system and multiplied by 15%, the savings in emissions equals 45 million   vehicles, which is far more than 20 million electric vehicles will be owned by 2030." Liu Jincheng, chairman of us, said, "The amount of fixed-point demand we receive is also huge. We can see the OEM's importance." According to Battery China.com, in addition to being favored by BMW, we have previously signed long-term   supply contracts with mainstream German and Korean car companies such as Daimler and Hyundai-Kia. The company’s power battery supply will reach Dozens of GWh. In terms of domestic customers, We have already cooperated with Xiaopeng Motors, Nanjing King Long, Kaiwo Automobile, Dongfeng Motor, Geely Sichuan, Shanxi New Energy, Hezhong New Energy, Dongfeng Special, Wuhan Bus, Yangzhou Yaxing, and Shenlong. Waiting for car companies to develop in-depth cooperation, and in the entire power battery market, the installed capacity ranks among the forefront of the country. We are one of the few battery companies in the industry with an all-round layout. Not only does it lead the world in the field of lithium primary batteries, but its power batteries cover cylindrical ternary, soft-packed ternary, square ternary, and square iron lithium. A variety of technical route products, forming a full range of power battery product structure; unique in the industry. Prior to this, Liu Jincheng said that starting from 2021, the company's    product shipments will enter a new stage. At present, the Huizhou pouch cells are in full production, and the products are mainly exported to the European market. The production capacity will be increased to 10GWh this year. In addition, we also participated in SKI's 27GWh project in Yancheng, Jiangsu. In the future, our lithium Pouch battery production capacity will soon increase to 10GWh+8GWh.

因本公司长期发展需要，特向社会公开招聘以下职位 一.外贸主管：3名 岗位职责： 1、利用网络平台和搜索引擎独立开发客户；   2、负责联系客户、编制报价、签订合同； 3、负责生产跟踪、发货; 4、业务相关资料的整理和归档；相关业务工作的汇报。 岗位要求： 1、英语6级以上，书面及口头表达能力佳; 2、1年以上工作经验; 3、本科及以上学历; 4、英语、国贸、电化学***优先. 薪资待遇： 1、薪资构成为底薪加提成，底薪6K-8K; 2、享受双休、法定节假日、年休等国家规定的所有假期； 3、每周上五休二，实行每天八小时工作制； 4、入职依法为员工缴纳五险； 5、提供海外出差机会。 二.外贸专员：5名 岗位职责： 1、做好现有客户的跟进； 2、利用网络平台和搜索引擎独立开发客户； 3、负责联系客户、编制报价，签订合同； 4、负责生产跟踪、发货；业务相关资料的整理和归档； 5、相关业务工作的汇报。 岗位要求： 1、英语4级以上，口语***； 2、本科及以上学历； 3、英语、国贸、电化学***优先。 薪资待遇： 1、薪资构成为底薪加提成，底薪4K-6K; 2、享受双休、法定节假日、年休等国家规定的所有假期； 3、每周上五休二，实行每天八小时工作制； 4、入职依法为员工缴纳五险； 5、提供海外出差机会。 三.外贸助理：3名 岗位职责： 1、协助外贸员做好现有客户的跟进 2、利用网络平台和搜索引擎独立开发客户；   3、负责联系客户、编制报价，签订合同； 4、负责生产跟踪、发货；业务相关资料的整理和归档； 5、相关业务工作的汇报 岗位要求： 1、英语4级以上，口语***； 2、本科及以上学历； 3、英语、国贸、电化学、市场营销、机械设计、电化学***优先。 薪资待遇： 1、薪资构成为底薪加提成，底薪4K-6K; 2、享受双休、法定节假日、年休等国家规定的所有假期； 3、每周上五休二，实行每天八小时工作制； 4、入职依法为员工缴纳五险； 5、提供海外出差机会。 四.机械工程师：4名 岗位要求： 1、熟悉机械原理和设计方法； 2、精通SolidWorks、Pro-E、AutoCAD和CAXA等计算机辅助软件； 3、熟悉液压气动工作原理； 4、熟悉机械制造工艺； 5、本科及以上学历，机械/机电相关***。 薪资待遇： 1、薪资构成为底薪加提成，底薪4K-6K; 2、享受双休、法定节假日、年休等国家规定的所有假期； 3、每周上五休二，实行每天八小时工作制； 4、入职依法为员工缴纳五险； 5、提供海外出差机会。 五.电气工程师：4名 岗位职责： 1、电气制图，PLC设计编程、调试；触摸屏、组态软件的编程组态； 2、现场设备的调试指导工作以及现场技术支持工作； 3、负责公司自动化设备在客户处的售后维修； 4、为客户提供良好的技术方面的支持，执行售后服务制度。 岗位要求： 1、电子/电气相关***； 2、本科及以上学历。 薪资待遇： 1、薪资构成为底薪加提成，底薪4K-6K; 2、享受双休、法定节假日、年休等国家规定的所有假期； 3、每周上五休二，实行每天八小时工作制； 4、入职依法为员工缴纳五险； 5、提供海外出差机会。

The first 100% electric tugboat in China starts production in Lian Yungang seaport on Oct 22th 2020. The electric tugboat has length 36 meters, width 10 meters, depth 10 meters and 3.5 meters Draught. It has ship speed no less than 13 knot and operation time over 8 hours. Totally 5000Kwh battery system will be equipped offering similar performance as 4000 horse power traditional tugboat, making it one of the 6 high power draught boats.     In the battery system, standby systems are designed similar to several diesel engines are equipped making sure high working safety.   Lithium iron phosphate battery will offer propulsive power source replacing diesel engine making the draught boat 100% environment friendly without any emission. The draught boat could be fully charged in 2 hours(fast charge mode)or 6-8 hours(slow charge mode) . The draught boat has expected life of 30 years,saving fuel cost 300 ton every years, which equals to the cost of the second draught boat in the whole operation life.    In every operation year, 900 Ton Oxycarbide and 12 Ton sulfide will be avoided every year, which equals to emission of 300 passenger cars.   The electric draught boars will contribute to building a green harbour since June 2021 as is planned. 

Congratulations on our receiving the supplier sentinel letter from the BMW Brilliance Automotive Ltd! It means we are becoming the second supplier after CATL for BMW in China. According to BMW Group's plan, 25 new energy vehicles will be launched before 2023. By 2025, the penetration rate of electric vehicles will reach over 25%, and the demand for power batteries will be large. Guoyuan Securities stated in a research report that our NMC power battery revenue in 2020 is expected to reach 2.55 billion yuan; it is expected that demand for Hyundai Kia and BMW will begin to increase in 2021, and NMC power battery revenue will continue to maintain high growth in 2021.

“ It’s 100% Cobalt free, environment friendly,  recyclable and high energy density meets requirement for longer mileage and less weight from our customers” told by BOSA Energy Sales Director Mr.Lu. The 180Wh/kg energy density LFP230 is a new milestone for LFP cells, which is 100% higher than industrial level of 2010,“We have seen a ‘revolution’ on LFP cells in last 10 years,we could call it ‘revolution’ not only development”as Mr.Lu tells, “Our 100% cobalt free cell energy density will reach 200Wh/kg by 2022 ”. “Our strategy is keep the size of cells, improve cells capacity by invest on developping higher energy density materials and cell mechanical design improvement, it has benefited us a lot from it in last 10 years” explained by Mr.Lu. This cell will be available for overseas market by June 2021.