Specification:Operation temperature:Charge:0~55℃Discharge:-20~55℃Cycle life:25±2℃,0.5C/0.5C,80%DOD，＞3000 times,Capacity retention≥80%Module to pack design makes battery system design tidy and neat.Comparing with producing battery with cells，modules offers benefits as following：1.91.7%Work steps reduced.2.91.7%Misoperation risk points reduced.3.91.7%working time on battery internal assembly saved.4.65-70%time shorter for one battery system assembly.5.BOSA modules are designed universal to all BMS on the market,not limited to BMS types.BOSA ENERGY modules are widely applied on electric bus/truck/utility vehicles,light vehicle,Golf car,forklifts and energy storage systems，including industrial and commercial ESS applications.With 5Gwh delivery in 2023 to over 30 countries,BOSA modules are well welcomed by more and more partners.Hope we will have chance to cooperate with you！For more information please feel free to contact us:Email：info bosaenergy.cnWebsite:www.bosaenergy.cn

BOSA participated in Eco-Mobil Gala on Schlossplatz in Schwetzingen Germany, On 31st August/1. September 2024, BOSA show its battery and battery powered vehicles on the fair. The platform attracted many visitors to watch.BOSA's battery has driven more than 1,000 classic vehicles, providing fashion power for these classic cars, making young people fall in love with them again, and driving these vehicles to accompany them to the places their grandpa used to like to go on weekends, reminiscing about their youth.BOSA ENERGY batteries are widely applied on electric bus/truck/utility vehicles, light vehicle, Golf car ,forklifts and energy storage systems，including industrial and commercial ESS applications.With 5Gwh delivery in 2023 to over 30 countries,BOSA batteries are well welcomed by more and more partners.Hope we will have chance to cooperate with you！For more information please feel free to contact us :Email ：info@bosaenergy.cnWebsite: www.bosaenergy.cn

Specification:         Operation temperature:Charge:0~55℃Discharge:-20~55℃Cycle life: 25±2℃,0.5C/0.5C,80%DOD，＞3000 times, Capacity retention≥80%Module to pack design makes battery system design tidy and neat.Comparing with producing battery with cells，modules offers benefits as following：1.  91.7% Work steps reduced.2.  91.7% Misoperation risk points reduced.3.  91.7% working time on battery internal assembly saved.4.  65-70% time shorter for one battery system assembly.5.  BOSA modules are designed universal to all BMS on the market, not limited to BMS types.BOSA ENERGY modules are widely applied on electric bus/truck/utility vehicles, light vehicle, Golf car ,forklifts and energy storage systems，including industrial and commercial ESS applications.With 5Gwh delivery in 2023 to over 30 countries,BOSA modules are well welcomed by more and more partners.Hope we will have chance to cooperate with you！For more information please feel free to contact us :Email ：info@bosaenergy.cnWebsite: www.bosaenergy.cn

1. Efficiency of lithium-ion batteriesThe efficiency of lithium-ion batteries mainly refers to the energy efficiency of the battery, that is, the ratio of the energy consumed by the battery to the energy stored. Under normal circumstances, the energy efficiency of lithium-ion batteries can reach more than 90%, which is much higher than other types of batteries.2. Key factors affecting the efficiency of lithium-ion batteries① Charging efficiency: During the charging process, electrical energy needs to be effectively converted into chemical energy and stored in the battery. Any factors that hinder this process, such as inappropriate electrolyte formulation, poor electrode structure or unsuitable operating temperature, may lead to reduced charging efficiency.② Discharge efficiency: Discharge efficiency refers to the ratio of the actual amount of electricity discharged to the terminal voltage under certain discharge conditions to the rated capacity of the battery. High discharge rate, low temperature or high internal resistance may limit the battery's ability to discharge, thereby reducing the discharge efficiency.③ Side reactions: During the battery charging and discharging process, the occurrence of side reactions will consume part of the electrical energy and reduce the battery's energy conversion efficiency. For example, side reactions such as electrolyte decomposition and active material dissolution will lead to a decrease in battery performance.3. Solutions to improve the efficiency of lithium-ion batteriesIn addition to optimizing the composition and properties of the electrolyte and optimizing the electrode materials during the production of the battery cell, it is also possible to:① Intelligent battery management: The intelligent battery management system can monitor, diagnose and optimize the battery in real time, thereby achieving efficient use of the battery.② Environmental factor control: Controlling the operating temperature within an appropriate range is an important measure to improve the efficiency of lithium-ion batteries. By adopting advanced thermal management systems or optimizing battery structures to improve heat dissipation conditions, the battery can be kept running at the optimal operating temperature, thereby improving its efficiency and stability.③ Integration and modular design: Integration is the combination of multiple single cells into a module or system to improve overall efficiency and stability. Modularization is the combination of multiple modules into a complete battery system. By optimizing integration and modular design, the internal resistance can be reduced, the energy density and safety can be increased, thereby improving the overall performance of lithium-ion batteries.

Lithium-ion cell consistency refers to the ability of individual cells in the same batch or system to maintain the same terminal voltage when working under the same conditions. This consistency requires that the cells have high similarity in terms of capacity, internal resistance, self-discharge rate, etc.1.Impact on battery performance① Reduced effective capacity: When there are performance differences between cells, voltage imbalance occurs during discharge. The weaker cells reach the discharge cutoff voltage first, while the other cells still have power left. This causes the effective capacity of the entire battery pack to decrease and fail to reach its full potential.② Reduced endurance: Inconsistent cells affect the energy output of the battery pack, limiting its endurance. In electric vehicles or portable devices, this may cause users to charge more frequently, reducing the convenience of use.③ Impacted stability: Voltage imbalance causes current imbalance inside the battery pack, increasing internal resistance and heat generation. This can cause the temperature of the battery pack to rise, which in turn affects its stability and reliability.2.Impact on battery pack safety① Increased risk of thermal runaway: When some cells are overcharged or over-discharged, they are prone to overheating and even thermal runaway. Thermal runaway may cause the battery pack to smoke, catch fire or explode, posing a serious safety threat to the equipment and users.② Shortened battery life: As some cells undergo more charge and discharge cycles, their lifespan will be relatively shortened. This will reduce the lifespan of the entire battery pack and increase the cost and frequency of battery replacement.3. Impact on the life of the battery pack① Unbalanced charging and discharging: The inconsistency between single cells will cause some batteries to be overcharged or over-discharged, accelerating the aging process of the battery. This will shorten the overall life of the battery pack and fail to meet the design life requirements.② Single cell failure affects the whole: If one or more single cells fail prematurely, it may trigger a chain reaction, causing the performance of other normal batteries to deteriorate. This further shortens the service life of the battery pack and increases maintenance costs.4. Methods to improve the consistency of battery cells① Cell selection and screening: When purchasing cells, cells of the same brand, batch and specification should be selected, and strict screening and testing should be carried out to ensure the closeness of performance parameters.② Balanced charging technology: The use of balanced charging technology can accurately control each cell in the battery pack to achieve the same charging state. This helps to reduce voltage differences and improve cell consistency.③ Regular inspection and maintenance: Regularly inspect the battery pack, including the measurement of parameters such as voltage, capacity, and internal resistance. Timely discover and deal with the inconsistency of single cells, and maintain the health of the battery pack through equalization or replacement.

1. Causes of thermal runaway of lithium iron phosphate batteriesThermal runaway of lithium iron phosphate batteries is a complex process involving multiple factors. The following are the main reasons:① Internal short circuit of the battery: Due to defects in the manufacturing process, damage during use, or accumulation of electrolytes inside the battery, the internal short circuit of the battery may occur. The large amount of heat generated by the short circuit cannot be dissipated in time, causing thermal runaway.② Overcharge or over-discharge: When the battery is overcharged or over-discharged, it will cause the internal temperature of the battery to rise, causing thermal runaway.③ External environmental factors: High temperature, extrusion, acupuncture and other external environmental factors may also cause battery thermal runaway.2. Impact of thermal runaway of lithium iron phosphate batteriesThe thermal runaway of lithium iron phosphate batteries not only affects the performance of the battery, but may also cause safety problems. The specific impacts are as follows:① Degraded battery performance: Thermal runaway will cause the internal temperature of the battery to rise, resulting in a decrease in battery capacity, reduced charging and discharging performance, and shortened battery life.② Safety risks: The high temperature generated by thermal runaway may cause fire or explosion, posing a threat to the safety of people and property.③ Impact on the performance of electric vehicles: Lithium iron phosphate batteries are the power source of electric vehicles. Thermal runaway may affect the normal operation of the vehicle and even cause the vehicle to fail to start.3. Countermeasures for thermal runaway of lithium iron phosphate batteriesIn order to reduce the risk of thermal runaway of lithium iron phosphate batteries, countermeasures can be taken from the following aspects:① Battery pack balancing management: Through balancing management technology, ensure that each battery cell in the battery pack is in a similar working state to avoid overcharging or over-discharging of individual batteries.② Battery cooling system optimization: Use advanced cooling technologies such as liquid cooling and heat pipe cooling to improve battery heat dissipation performance and reduce the risk of thermal runaway.③ Battery pack thermal management: Establish an effective thermal management system to monitor and control the temperature of the battery pack in real time to avoid thermal runaway caused by high temperature.④ Establish an emergency plan: For possible battery thermal runaway events, formulate corresponding emergency plans to ensure that they can be handled in a timely and effective manner when they occur, and minimize personnel and property losses.