Types of EV
01Single battery as power source
EV that uses a single battery as a power source only has a battery pack installed.
02 Equipped with auxiliary power source
Auxiliary power sources such as supercapacitors, generator sets, and solar energy are added to some EV to improve the starting performance of the EV and increase the driving range.
How EV work
In EV, the electric motor drives the wheels using energy from the battery. The energy flow path is: battery → power conditioner → electric motor → drivetrain → drive wheels. The battery provides current, which passes through the power conditioner and is then output to the electric motor. The electric motor then provides torque, which, after passing through the transmission, drives the wheels, enabling the vehicle to move.
Key technologies of pure electric vehicles
01 Battery and Management Technology
Batteries are the power source of electric vehicles and have long been a key factor restricting their development. Battery pack performance directly impacts the vehicle's acceleration, driving range, and brake energy regeneration efficiency. Battery cost and cycle life directly impact vehicle cost and reliability, and all parameters influencing battery performance must be optimized. Electric vehicle batteries generate significant heat during use, and battery temperature impacts the operation of the electrochemical system, cycle life, charge acceptability, power and energy, safety, and reliability. Therefore, to achieve optimal performance and life, battery pack temperature must be controlled within a certain range to minimize uneven temperature distribution within the pack and avoid imbalances between modules. This prevents battery performance degradation and mitigates potential hazards.
02 Vehicle Control Technology
The control system for new EV utilizes a two-bus network structure: the high-speed CAN bus for the drive system and the low-speed bus for the body system. Each node on the high-speed CAN bus represents the ECU for each subsystem, while nodes on the low-speed bus are arranged according to physical location, based on the principle of regional autonomy based on spatial location. Implementing networked vehicle control not only addresses the complex wiring and increased wiring harnesses associated with automotive electronics, but also provides the communication and resource sharing capabilities enabled by networking, which form the foundation for the application of new electronic and computer technologies in automobiles and provides strong support for X-by-Wire technology.
03 Vehicle Lightweighting Technology
Vehicle lightweighting technology has always been a key research topic in automotive technology. EV significantly increase vehicle weight due to the battery pack, making lightweighting a more significant issue. The following measures can be used to reduce vehicle weight:
① By analyzing the vehicle's actual operating conditions and requirements, comprehensively optimize vehicle parameters such as battery voltage, capacity, drive motor power, speed, torque, and overall vehicle performance, and rationally select battery and motor parameters.
② Reduce the weight of the powertrain and onboard energy system through structural optimization and integrated, modularized design. This includes integrating and modularizing the motor and drive, transmission system, cooling system, air conditioning, and brake vacuum system to optimize the system. System optimization is achieved through the rational integration and distribution of the onboard energy system, which includes the battery, battery pack, battery management system, and onboard charger.
③ Actively select lightweight materials.
④ Utilize CAD technology to conduct finite element analysis of the vehicle's load-bearing structural components (such as the front and rear axles, newly added side sills, and cross members), achieving structural optimization through a combination of calculation and testing.